Shiraz is harvested off vineyards up to thirty five years of age, planted to deep sand and red clay soils, mostly trained to single and double wire rod and spur trellis, yielding a mere three to four tonnes per acre. Yields can be much lower during drier growing seasons and hotter vintages, as the parched vines grown to older, unirrigated sites struggle for nourishment. Fruit is crushed and sent for a cold soak maceration in a mix of fermenters, batches are inoculated and treated to a traditional vinfication, plunged and pump over for optimal extraction. Upon completion, components are filled to a selection of seasoned French and American oak barrels for a year's maturation.